Potatoes are high-yielding and fertile crops. Under general conditions, they need more fertilizer than cereal crops. In different periods, the type of fertilizer required has characteristics and it is very important to prescribe the right medicine.
At the seedling stage, the plant needs less fertilizer; the tuber formation period requires a sudden increase in fertilizer; the tuber growth period reaches the maximum amount of fertilizer needed, and then declines sharply. Absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium at each growth stage was calculated as a percentage of total nutrient uptake. Seedling stage was 17%, 14%, and 13%, respectively. At the hair growth stage, tuber formation began, which was 33% and 30%, respectively. 28%; Tuber growth, tubers increased rapidly, respectively 38%, 36% and 44%; mature period, starch accumulation, respectively, 12%, 20% and 14%. The absorption intensity of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium was the largest in the period of hair growth and potato, nitrogen absorption accounted for 72% of the total fertilizer absorption, phosphorus accounted for 66% of total absorption, and potassium accounted for 72% of total absorption. . Therefore, it is very important to ensure the supply of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in these two periods in production.
Potassium is a potent potato crop, absorbing the most potassium, followed by nitrogen and phosphorus. Generally, for every 1 ton of potato tuber produced, 5 kg of nitrogen, 2 kg of phosphorus, and 11 kg of potassium are needed to be absorbed from the soil, ie, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is 1:0.2:2.
Farmyard manure is very beneficial to the growth of potatoes. Farmyard manure not only contains the three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium needed for potato growth, but also contains trace elements and beneficial microorganisms required by potatoes. The application of organic fertilizer can improve soil structure, fertility and fertility, enhance soil fertility, water retention capacity, improve the utilization of fertilizer and water. Organic matter is mineralized under the action of microorganisms, and is directly absorbed and utilized by crops. It can release a large amount of carbon dioxide, which not only enriches the soil, but also increases the permeability of the soil, creating conditions for the growth and yield of potatoes.
The application of potato manure has the following advantages: nutrient-rich, long duration, manure, compost and other farmhouse manure is a complete fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium released during the process of organic matter decomposition and mineralization after application into the soil. , iron, zinc, etc. can directly provide nutrients for potatoes, but also reserves a lot of nutrients for the aftermath, is conducive to the growth and development of after-cultivation crops; is conducive to improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil. After the farm manure is applied to the soil, humus and humic acid are formed by humification. Vitamins, biotin, enzymes, and auxin in humus can promote the development of crop roots, increase the use of effective nutrients in soil, promote plant respiration, photosynthesis, and metabolism of various substances in the body, and protect plants from poisoning. The buffer effect. Humic acid can buffer the change of PH value in the soil, increase the effectiveness of phosphorus and some trace elements; also can regulate the water, fertilizer, gas, and heat in the soil, which will help maintain the high yield of seedlings; it will help improve potato yield and quality. . The use of farmyard manure in potatoes makes the soil in the plough layer loose, the soil resistance is small, and the ground temperature is high, which is conducive to the development and enlargement of tubers. The tubers are neat and the yield is high, which is conducive to harvesting.
Because the utilization rate of farmer's fertilizer is only 20-30% in the current year, in order to obtain high yield and high quality, a certain amount of fertilizer should be applied when growing potatoes.
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