Ultrasonic waves are an elastic mechanical wave in a matter medium, which is a form of wave, so it can be used to detect physiological and pathological information of the human body, and to diagnose ultrasound. At the same time, it is a form of energy. When a certain dose of ultrasound is transmitted through the body, the interaction between them. Ultrasonic is a kind of elastic mechanical wave in the medium, which is a form of wave, so it It can be used to detect physiological and pathological information of the human body, and to diagnose ultrasound. At the same time, it is a form of energy. When a certain dose of ultrasound is transmitted through the body, the interaction between them can cause changes in the function and structure of the organism, that is, the ultrasonic biological effect. The effects of ultrasound on cells are mainly thermal effects, cavitation effects and mechanical effects. The thermal effect is that when the ultrasound propagates through the medium, the friction hinders the molecular vibration caused by the ultrasound, converting part of the energy into local high heat (42-43 ° C), because the critical lethal temperature of normal tissue is 45.7 ° C, and the tumor tissue ratio Normal tissue sensitivity is high, so at this temperature, the metabolism of tumor cells is impaired, DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis are affected, thereby killing cancer cells and normal tissues are not affected. The cavitation effect is that under the irradiation of ultrasound, vacuoles are formed in the living body, and mechanical shear pressure and turbulence are generated along with the vibration of the vacuole and its violent explosion, which causes the tumor to hemorrhage and the tissue to collapse and cause necrosis. In addition, when the cavitation bubble bursts, it generates instantaneous high temperature (about 5000 ° C) and high pressure (up to 500 × 104 Pa), which can thermally dissociate the water vapor to produce .OH radicals and .H atoms, which are composed of .OH radicals and .H. Atomic induced redox reactions can lead to polymer degradation, enzyme inactivation, lipid peroxidation, and cell killing. The mechanical effect is the primary effect of ultrasound. During the propagation process, the medium particles alternately compress and stretch to form a pressure change, causing damage to the cell structure. The strength of the killing effect is closely related to the frequency and intensity of the ultrasound.
The principle of ultrasonic cell disruption is not too mysterious and complicated. Simply put, the electric energy is converted into sound energy through the transducer. This energy is turned into a dense small bubble through a liquid medium (such as water). These small bubbles burst rapidly and produce a small bomb-like energy. The role of substances such as broken cells (commonly known as "cavitation effect").
Ultrasonic cell pulverizer is a multi-functional, multi-purpose instrument that uses a kind of ultrasonic wave to generate cavitation effect in liquid. It can be used for the crushing of various animal and plant cells, virus cells, bacteria and tissues, and also for various inorganic types. The material is broken and recombined, and can be used for emulsification, separation, homogenization, extraction, defoaming and cleaning, and accelerated chemical reaction. Ultrasonic cell shredders have a wide range of uses, such as:
1. Ultrasonic extraction of biological nanometer (ultrasonic chemical synthesis method)
In the ultrasonic chemical reaction, the key effect is the cavitation effect of the acoustic wave. During the irradiation of the ultrasonic wave, cavitation bubbles will form, grow and collapse in the liquid, and a cover will be formed when the cavitation bubble collapses. The strong pressure pulse produces many unique properties, such as producing high temperatures up to 5000K and pressures greater than 200Mpa, which is the source of energy for ultrasonic chemical synthesis, which can be used to synthesize nanoparticles on specific powder surfaces.
2, ultrasonic pharmaceutical
(1) Dispersion of pharmaceutical substances for injection - Mixing phospholipids with cholesterol by mixing with an appropriate method in an aqueous solution, and dispersing by ultrasonication, smaller particles can be obtained for intravenous injection.
(2) Herbal extraction - using ultrasonic dispersion to destroy plant tissue, accelerate the penetration of solvent into tissue, and improve the extraction rate of active ingredients in Chinese herbal medicine. For example, all alkaloids in the bark of the cinchona can be invaded by the general method for more than 5 hours, and the ultrasonic dispersion can be completed in half an hour.
(3) Preparation of a suspension - A solid drug is dispersed in an aqueous solution containing a surfactant under ultrasonic cavitation and vigorous agitation to form an oral or intravenous suspension of about 1 um. Examples are "intravenous camptothecin suspension", "liver contrast agent", "barium sulfate suspension".
(4) Preparation of vaccines - After killing cells or germs by means of ultrasonic dispersion, a vaccine is prepared by an appropriate method.
3. Ultrasonic dispersion of cosmetics
In order to further extract the essence of the drug and the micronization of the particles, and to save production costs, to achieve the dispersion and emulsification effect, the cosmetics penetrate deep into the inner layer of the skin, let the skin absorb well, exert the efficacy and effect of the drug, and adopt ultrasonic emulsification. Achieve very good results. By ultrasonic dispersion, fine particles of oil such as wax and paraffin emulsified or lotion can be dispersed without using an emulsifier. Paraffin particles dispersed in water can be up to 1um in diameter.
4, ultrasonic alcoholization of alcohol - aging technology
A bottle of fine wine is mellow, soft and soft, and rich in fragrance. People often use old wine to describe the preciousness of wine. A bottle of wine from the last century is priced at tens of thousands of yuan. The price means the storage of time. . The main controlling factor of wine is the chemical change, ie the formation of acid, and further esterification, the ester is involved in the association of ethanol and water. The wine that has just been shipped contains sterols, which have a spicy taste. It takes a long time to resolve. This slow change is called alcoholization. Ultrasonic treatment with a power of 1.6KW and a frequency of 17.5-22KHZ for 5-10 minutes can shorten the ripening time of wine by 1/3 to 1/2.
Therefore, ultrasonic cell pulverizers can and have been widely used in teaching, research, and production in the fields of biochemistry, microbiology, physics, zoology, agronomy, medicine, and pharmaceuticals.
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