Deciduous fruit trees can germinate after 10-15 days when the average daily temperature is above 5°C and the soil temperature is 7-8°C. Once sprouts sprout, cold resistance will be reduced. According to the investigation, the petals of apple during the budding period of -7°C suffered freezing injury, and the stamens were frozen at -3°C and pistil at -1°C. Peach, apricot and pear bloom early, and spring return is more susceptible to frost damage, and more attention should be paid to the prevention of flower bud damage. The prevention and control measures are described as follows:
1. Orchard smoke. This method is suitable when the minimum temperature is not lower than -2°C. It can reduce the emission of radiant heat on the ground and make the smoke particles absorb moisture, so that the water vapor condenses into a liquid to release heat and increase the temperature. The specific approach is to use straw, weeds, sawdust and other layers stacked staggered, cover some soil outside, the middle of the plug in order to facilitate the ignition of smoke. Ignition smoke suitable for the temperature of 2 o'clock in the morning will be carried out when the temperature dropped to 0 °C, smoke heaps to be densely distributed, usually 3-4 heaps per acre, about 15 kg per pile. Anti-frost aerosols can also be used, that is, before the frost comes, use ammonium nitrate (previously finely ground) 20%-30%, fine sawdust 50%-60%, waste diesel 10%, fine coal at the end of 10%, installed in the iron drum Lighted inside. Amount of 2-2.5 kg per acre.
2. Irrigate in early spring. Irrigation in early spring can reduce soil temperature and delay germination.
3. Apply whitening agent. Before the budding of the fruit trees, the trunk and the main branch are coated with white (formulation: 10 parts of water, 3 parts of quicklime, 0.5 parts of lime sulfur solution and 0.5% of vegetable oil, and a little bit of vegetable oil), which can reduce the absorption of radiant energy and delay germination and flowering. Freezing damage to flower buds.
4. Spray the appropriate concentration of plant growth regulators such as B9, PBO and naphthaleneacetic acid before flowering to delay germination.
5. Branch spray fertilizer. Before the advent of spring and late frost, spraying 0.3%-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the flowering fruit trees can rapidly increase the cell fluid concentration of the flower organs and enhance the cold resistance.
6. Freezing treatment measures. For orchards that have caused freezing damage, water and fertilizer management should be strengthened, the frozen buds and frozen flower buds should be cut off, and the growth should be promoted. Artificial pollination should be conducted on the flowers that were opened later and the fruit setting rate should be improved. And pay attention to the prevention of pests and diseases, protect the leaves, enhance tree vigor, and increase the tree's nutritional reserves.
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