The number of fights against apple tree disease prevention and control is not frequent, and the key is to play tricks, that is, drugs must be used in the critical period of disease prevention and control. To achieve this, we must understand the occurrence of major diseases in the production of the law, and then according to the law of occurrence, in the most sensitive period of the disease medication in advance, the germs are controlled in the state of germination or no infection, to achieve a multiplier effect.
Brown spot disease occurs on winter deciduous trees with mycelium or conidium discs. It produces a large number of conidia in the spring of April to May in the second rainy season (dry and eroded diseased leaves have no ability to produce conidia). Rain splashes invade leaves near the ground. It begins to develop in May-June with high temperature and high humidity. In July-August, a large number of epidemics occurred. After the temperature dropped in October, the damage was stopped. The incubation period was 13-55 days.
The deciduous disease causes mycelium to overwinter in damaged leaves, shoots, and bud scales. It produces conidia in the spring of the second year. It spreads with air currents and wind and rain, and it begins to invade 7-10 days after flowering. It may be encountered in May-June and August. A lot of high-temperature incidence. The spores of the diseased leaf were formed in late April to early May, and the shoots formed in July.
Ringworm disease is also called rough skin disease, ringworm brown rot. Major damage to branches and fruits. The mycelium is overwintering in the stem disease tumors of mycelium, and infects the branches with rainwater during the second-3-4 months, and then infects the fruits. Infestation of young fruit in June-July, but not disease. When the fruit is exposed to high temperature and drought in the near maturity, the disease is heavier. The peak incidence was 1 month before harvest and 1 month after storage. Branch disease formed a flat, reddish-brown lesion centered on the lenticels. The central projections were tumor-like, and the edges of the disease were cracked. In the middle of the second year, black spots were produced. Fruit sensation produces water-stained light brown dots (red spots) centered on the lenticels. It expands to form light, dark brown, and concentric ring patterns. It overflows with dark brown mucus, and the whole fruit rots quickly, giving off a sour smell. taste. The early onset of rain is often early onset, and the onset of high temperature and drought in the mature period is heavy, and vice versa.
Anthrax mainly damages the fruit. The mycelium was overwintering with mycelium in frozen fruits, fruit trees, dried branches and shoots, and in the second year the conidia were transmitted by rainwater and insects. Percutaneous pores invaded the fruit and infected many times. In general from late May to early June, the invading and infiltrating period is in full bloom. From July to August, high temperature and high humidity are the most prosperous periods. After the onset of the fruit, it initially appeared as a brownish round spot, then became a dark brown (or black) lesion and subsided, and the central protrusions were arranged in black concentric circles. Severe in high temperature, high humidity, and rainy weather. Orchard is confined and low-lying, with poor ventilation and light transmission.
In short, the prevention of disease must seize three crucial periods: First, the clearing of winter and spring gardens, destruction of pathogenic wintering sites, reducing the number of pathogens overwintering base. The second is to strengthen the drug protection before the fruit bagging 3-5 days after flowering to prevent the bacteria infection. The third is to pay attention to climate change so that it can be sprayed before the rain to prevent the spread of bacteria.
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