Morphological characteristics of ephedra

Morphological characteristics

Plant morphology

1. Ephedra herbaceous shrubs, 20--40 cm tall. Woody stem pods; grassy stems erect, branchlets opposite or whorled, section obvious, internode length 2--6 cm, diameter 1--2 mm. Leaf sheath sheath-like, lower 1/2 connate, lobes 2, triangular-lanceolate, apex acuminate, often recurved outward. Dioecious, male and female cones 3--5 converged into a spicate, terminal; female flowers broadly ovate, often solitary apical, red berry-like when mature. Often two seeds, oval. Flowering from May to June, the seed matures from July to August. Born on dry hillsides, plains, wastelands, riverbeds, steppes, riverbanks, and fixed sand dunes. Distributed in North China and Jilin Province, Liaoning Province, Henan Province, northwest, Shaanxi Province, Xinjiang Autonomous Region and other places.

2. Ephedra minor shrubs, 40--80 cm tall. Woody stems erect or obliquely growing, base mostly branched; herbaceous stems opposite or whorled often whitish, internode length 3--6 cm, diameter 2--3 mm, lower part of scale leaf approximately 1/3 connate, lobes 3 (rare 2), triangular or triangular-shaped lanceolate, several clusters of male bulbs clustered on the node; female bulbs three or two pairs born on the node, usually 3 seeds (2). Flowering from May to June, the seed matures from July to August. Born in arid lands, deserts, gobi, arid hills, or meadows that are several hundred to 2,000 meters above sea level. Distributed in North China, Northwest China, Liaoning Province, Shandong Province and other places.

3. Equisetum ephedra small shrub, 70--100 cm tall, woody stems erect or obliquely growing, many branches above; grassy stems opposite or whorled, with many branches, internode length 1.5--3 cm, diameter 1- -1.5 mm, often white powder. About 2/3 of the lower part of scaly leaves, lobes 2, obtusely angled, not recurved. Male inflorescences are more than solitary or 3- or 4-infested at nodes; females are paired or solitary at the nodes, and usually 1 seed (2 dilute). Flowering from June to July, the seed matures from August to September. Born in arid lands, sandy mountains, arid ridges, and rocky peaks. Located in North China and Western Shaanxi Province, Gansu Province, Xinjiang Autonomous Region and other places.


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